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Kadua foggiana

(Fosberg) W.L.Wagner & Lorence (2005)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Kadua

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Diffuse, sprawling or scandent subshrubs.

Stems: Stems terete (cylindrical), to 10–40 dm long, glabrous and often slightly glaucous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, widely spaced. Blades elliptic–obovate to oblong–ovate or broadly ovate, 6.5–16 cm long, 2–5.5 cm wide. Apex acuminate to caudate. Base rounded to subcordate. Lower surfaces glabrous or sometimes sparsely hirtellous along veins, blades coriaceous. Margins entire. Lateral veins impressed on upper surface, raised and conspicuous on lower surface, higher order reticulate venation slightly less raised but conspicuous.. Petioles slightly winged, 0.5–1 cm long, hirtellous at base on lower side. Stipules deltate, 3–8 mm long, adnate to inner side of petioles, apex with a mucro 1– 2 mm long, caducous.

Flowers: Flowers in broad, corymbiform, thyrsoid, paniculate inflorescences, with main axes becoming abortive after second or third node, main lateral branches of inflorescence similarly abortive, usually after first node, the strongly developed lateral branches thus forming a broad diffuse inflorescence, ultimate branches terminating in open to somewhat compact cymes, these hirtellous throughout or rarely glabrous, pedicels slender, 2–6 mm long, densely whitish hirtellous, sometimes sparsely so; hypanthium narrowly urceolate, ca. 1 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect) or functionally pistillate; insect-pollinated. Calyx 4-5-lobed, lobes linear or narrowly oblong–spatulate, ca. 1–1.5 mm long,0.3–0.5 mm wide, enlarging slightly in fruit, apex acute or obtuse. Corolla green to greenish yellow, the tube usually reddish purple, fleshy, salverform, the tube 6–9 mm long, often as short as 3–4 mm long in pistillate flowers, hirtellous, rarely sparsely so, the limb strongly quadrangular in bud, apex not depressed, the lobes 3–4 mm long, spreading or reflexed, apex without appendages; nectary disc present. Stamens as many as and alternate with the corolla lobes, inserted just below corolla lobe sinuses; anthers sessile or on short filaments, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior or partly so, 2(-4)-locular; ovules few to numerous on fleshy placentas near middle of septum; style as many as carpels, cylindrical to filiform, terminal, slender, hirtellous in lower 2/3, 2 lobed; stigma bilobed or subcapitate, included or exserted.

Fruit: Capsules subglobose; slightly compressed; strongly grooved and appearing somewhat didymous; 2.5–3 mm long; 2.8–4 mm in diameter; dehiscing loculicidally across disk; pyrenes separating septicidally; but remaining in the persistent vascular skeleton of the mesocarp; endocarp thinly sclerified; disk slightly raised; grooved;. Seeds dark brown; irregularly cuneiform; compressed; angled; lower angle slightly winged; minutely rugulose; with well-developed oily endosperm; or endosperm occasionally scanty or absent.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Mesic to wet forest.

Elevation Range: 750–1220 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Syst. Bot. 30: 832 (2005)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1144 (K [as Hedyotis foggiana]); Terrell et al. 2005:832/Kennedy et al. 2010:24 (COMBNOV, Syn. H. foggiana = K. foggiana)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details moist thicket, forest Preserved_Specimen shrub, sprawling; branches to 5 m in length; leaves subcoriaceous, shining, above dark green, below green; flower tube magenta, lobes green St.John, H. 19983 Kauai BISH 1939-02-11
2 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Syzygium, Ilex, Nestegis Preserved_Specimen to 2 m shrub; scandent stems; leaves glossy above; buds purple, corolla with purple tube, lobes purple outside, green inside; foetid odor Lorence, D.H. 5300 Kauai BISH 1987-07-16
3 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris montane wet, summer mesic forest w/ Polyscias waimeae, P. waialealae, Melicope clusiifolia, M. puberula, Bobea brevipes, Scaevola procea, S. glabra, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Xylosma hawaiiense, Syzygium sandwicensis, Psychotria marinian Preserved_Specimen Scandent shrub 4 m long, stems gray-brown or green, corolla green-yellow Wood, K.R. 16049 Kauai BISH 2014-08-21
4 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details along stream bed; ohia, Cheirodendron, uluhe Preserved_Specimen shrub, trailing; flower green and purple Perlman, S. 194 Kauai BISH 1978-07-05
5 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet forest Preserved_Specimen semi-prostrate shrub, stems 3/4-1 diam.; petals green, reflexed Stern, W.L. 1236 Kauai BISH 1961-08-01
6 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details along stream Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 493 Kauai BISH 1979-09-12
7 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 188 Kauai BISH 1983-01-01
8 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Nestegis, Psychotria, Bobea, Xylosma, Pleomele Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub; stems arching, sprawling, parts with foetid odor; corolla tube purplish green, lobes pale green Lorence, D.H. 6318 Kauai BISH 1989-01-02
9 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris-montane mesic to wet forest. W/Broussaisia arguta, Kadua affinis, Melicope spp, Psychotria mariniana, Coprosma waimeae, rich fern understory with Asplenium insiticeum, A. polyodon, Athyrium microphyllum, Diplazium sandwichianum. Preserved_Specimen shrub, 1 m tall, few branched, uncommon Wood, K.R. 14369 Kauai BISH 2010-11-17
10 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris-Cheirodendron Wet Forest. With Metrosideros, Clidemia, Cheirodendron, Psychotria mariniana, Polyscias kavaiensis, Freycinetia, Cyrtandra, Antidesma, Perrottetia, Melicope wawraeana, Kadua affinis, K. tryblium, Dubautia knudsenii. In drainage. Preserved_Specimen Leaves dark green glabrous above, below mid-light green with upward arching veins and few hairs. Multibranched and cascading into stream corridor. Inflo numerous immature fruit, center fruit sessile. Peduncles with hairs. Tangalin, N. 3682 Kauai BISH 2014-02-09
11 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details open rain forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27229 Kauai BISH 1960-11-29
12 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Sprawling, suffrutescent Fosberg, F.R. 12694 Kauai BISH 1935-12-29
13 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet riparian vegetation with low, partially closed canopy in small stream drainage on plateau between two main stream branches. With Metrosideros polymorpha, Machaerina, Psychotria, Dubautia raillardioides, Cyrtandra spp, Sadleria cyathiodes, Touchardia, Syzygium sandwicensis, Psidium cattleianum, Clidemai hirta cover. Preserved_Specimen Vining/sprawling shrub, 1 m long. Prominent nodes, Fruit capsules drying on panicles. Trauernicht, C. 730 Kauai BISH 2009-02-11
14 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros- Dicranopteris linearis wet forest. Antidesma platyphylla, Perrottetia sandiwcensis, Kadua affinis, Scaevola gaudichaudiana, Polyscias oahuensis, Bobea brevipes, Psidium cattleianum, Clidemia hirta Preserved_Specimen shrub 2 m ht with flowers Perlman, S. 22958 Kauai BISH 2012-07-03
15 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details forest and drainage below northern falls, Metrosideros mixed lowland wet forest with riparian vegetation W/ Pisonia umbelifera, Antidesma platyphylla Syzygium sandwicensis, Psychotria mariniana, P. mauiensis, P. wawrae, Melicope clusiifolia, Broussaisia arguta, Cyrtandra kealiae urceolata, C. longifolia Preserved_Specimen shrub, 3 m tall, diffusely branched, stems pale green, common Wood, K.R. 10657 Kauai BISH 2004-04-15
16 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details rainforest Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2839 Kauai BISH 1972-10-18
17 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Sadleria, Zingiber Preserved_Specimen 2' shrub; leaves glossy green above, slightly paler below with whitish-green midrib; corolla tube whitish-green at base becoming purple tinged near apex; lobes pale greenish white; in bud corolla purple; bruised stems malodorous Flynn, T.W. 3161 Kauai BISH 1988-09-28
18 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details rain forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20493 Kauai BISH 1950-01-31
19 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet, Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen 2.5 m shrub; arching stems; crushed parts foetid; corolla tube purple, lobes greenish yellow, pink flowers Lorence, D.H. 6272 Kauai BISH 1988-09-08
20 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details open woods Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21637 Kauai BISH 1952-01-13
21 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details moist, Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen 3-4 m long vine, low St.John, H. 22894 Kauai BISH 1947-12-21
22 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis montane mesic with Bobea brevipes, Ilex anamola, Wikstromea furcta, Claxylon sandwicensis, Polysicias waimea, Melicope anisata, M. barbigera, Kadua affinis, Psychotria greenwelliae, Planchonella sandwicensis, Do Preserved_Specimen vining shrub, scandent in Dicranopteris, on steep fern walls near gulch bottom, occasional Wood, K.R. 15161 Kauai BISH 2012-08-08
23 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros lowland wet forests and shrubland surrounded by ca. 100 m cliffs w/ Psychotria mariniana, P. Hexandra, Antidesma platyphyllum var. Hillebrandii, Pipturus albidus, P. Ruber, Urera glabra, Kadua centranthoides, Touchardia latifolia, Dianella sandwicensis, Polyscias o Preserved_Specimen Shrub or small tree, 75 cm tall spreading 75 cm wide, with flower and fruit, corolla green-yellow, occasional K.R. Wood 18943 Kauai BISH 2022-04-01
24 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details small trees, pteridophytes, Gunnera Preserved_Specimen 1-1.5 m shrub; flower pink, corolla acute in bud, lobes green, tube purplish green Lorence, D.H. 5324 Kauai BISH 1987-07-23
25 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet forest Preserved_Specimen scandent shrub; flowers yellow green within, purplish without Herbst, D.R. 2049 Kauai BISH 1971-08-10
26 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Antidesma, Cibotium, Dicranopteris Preserved_Specimen shrub, sprawling, leggy; leaves dark glossy green above, dull below Flynn, T.W. 2677 Kauai BISH 1987-12-10
27 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Steep stream bank in montane wet Metrosideros - Dicranopteris forest Coprosma kauaiensis, Dicranopteris linearis, Rubus sp, Microlepia strigosa, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Touchardia latifolia, Pipturus ruber, Metrosideros polymorpha glabberima, Sadleria cyatheodes. Preserved_Specimen Flower purple, corolla lobes pale yellow. Plant pendent along steep rocky stream bank. In flower and old fruit. Nagendra, U. 381 Kauai BISH 2023-05-23
28 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Cheirodendron Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m shrub; spreading, multistemmed; stems 2 cm at base Nagata, K.M. 2127 Kauai BISH 1980-09-08
29 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details grassy bank Preserved_Specimen erect stalk Takeuchi, W.N. 2478 Kauai BISH 1985-09-21
30 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rain forest Preserved_Specimen Weak, scaudent, 10 ft shrub Degener, O. 23865 Kauai BISH 1955-09-09
31 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dicranopteris emarginata, Metrosideros polymorpha, Myrsine lessertiana, Coprosma waimeae, Elaeocarpus bifidus Preserved_Specimen woody herb, sparsely branched, elongate branches; flower green Carlquist, S. 1662 Kauai BISH 1964-12-06
32 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros wet forest with wet diff communities. W/ Cheirodendron, Pipturus spp., Dubautia, Cyrtandra, Kadua centranthoides, K. elatior, K. foggiana, Psychotria, Melicope, Machaerina, Isachne, with ferns of Microlepia, Asplenium, Christella, Deparia. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs, 15 - 40 cm, pendent on wet cliff, common. Wood, K.R. 12776 Kauai BISH 2008-01-12
33 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet Windward cliffs. W/ Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Selaginella arbuscula, Broussaisia arguta, Peperomia, Anoectochilus sandvicensis, Pipturus ruber, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Cyrtandra paliku, Cyanea spathulata Preserved_Specimen Branching from base. Stems upright and about 3 ft tall. Lvs med to yellow-green above w/ cupped bases w/ purple tint. Outter bud w/purple w/ green, fls green. Tangalin, N. 2371 Kauai BISH 2010-07-08
34 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details stunted trees, pteridophytes, Gunnera; along stream Preserved_Specimen ~0.5 m shrub, sprawling, branched; corolla green, externally purple; fruit green Wagner, W.L. 6351 Kauai BISH 1990-06-13
35 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 1.3 m shrub; green flowers Chock, A.K. 368 Kauai BISH 1952-02-03
36 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 1.3 m shrub; green flowers Chock, A.K. 368 Kauai BISH 1952-02-03
37 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen shrub, rambling; slender branches to 12' long; inflorescence purple, inner side of lobes green Herbst, D.R. 1019 Kauai BISH 1968-04-02
38 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen shrub, rambling; slender branches to 12' long; inflorescence purple, inner side of lobes green Herbst, D.R. 1019 Kauai BISH 1968-04-02
39 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen vine, green flower, black fruit Chock, A.K. 961 Kauai BISH 1953-08-17
40 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 226 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
41 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 395 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
42 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen shrub, rambling; slender branches to 12' long; inflorescence purple, inner side of lobes green Herbst, D.R. 1019 Kauai BISH 1968-04-02
43 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Female plant. Cranwell, L.M. 3828 Kauai BISH 1938-08-20
44 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 1.3 m shrub; green flowers Chock, A.K. 368 Kauai BISH 1952-02-03
45 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub, spreading MacDaniels, L.H. 836 Kauai BISH 1927-02-21
46 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen to 5' shrub, sprawling; bruised foliage has foetid odor Flynn, T.W. 458 Kauai BISH 1983-06-28
47 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen shrub; long rambling branches Rock, J.F.C. 9005 Kauai BISH 1911-10-01
48 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub, sprawling; fruit green-black Chock, A.K. 367 Kauai BISH 1952-02-03
49 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details forest Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 202 Kauai BISH 1982-06-01
50 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5134 Kauai BISH 1983-12-20
51 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
52 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6022 Kauai BISH 1909-09-06
53 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub, sprawling; fruit green-black Chock, A.K. 367 Kauai BISH 1952-02-03
54 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Kauai BISH 1957-01-01
55 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen shrub; long rambling branches Rock, J.F.C. 9005 Kauai BISH 1911-10-01
56 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet Metrosideros-Dicranopteris-Diplopterygium-windswept ridge with Metrosideros polymorpha, Myrsine linearifolia, Exocarpus, Diplopterygium, Pritchardis flynnii, Euphorbia, Ilex anomala, Melicope feddei, M. clusiifolia, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Psychotria, Cheirodendr. Preserved_Specimen Scandent, leaves yellow-green glossy above with impressed veins. Underside of leaf, stem, peduncle, and outer corolla with hairs. Flowers green with purple. Leaves with slight fetid smell when crushed. Tangalin, N. 2133 Kauai BISH 2009-08-06
57 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. Kauai BISH 1969-01-01
58 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris lowland wet shrubland with small pockets of mixed wet forest below ridgeline with Broussaisa arguta, Melicope feddei, Psychotria mariniana & P. wawrae, Kadua affinis, Antidesma platyphylla, Alyxia stellata, Syzygium sandwicensis, Dubautia laxa Preserved_Specimen shrub, 1 m tall, few branched, stems green, flowers yellow-green with purple tube, occasional Wood, K.R. 15232 Kauai BISH 2012-09-21
59 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5789 Kauai BISH 1909-09-06
60 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details forest Preserved_Specimen subshrub Stone, B.C. 1594 Kauai BISH 1956-12-29
61 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wichman, J. 2935 Kauai BISH 1938-08-15
62 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 395 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
63 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5789 Kauai BISH 1909-09-06
64 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen DLNR staff Kauai BISH 1982-08-22
65 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1911-10-01
66 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. Kauai BISH 1936-11-01
67 Kadua foggiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 410 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
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